Sabiia Seb
PortuguêsEspañolEnglish
Embrapa
        Busca avançada

Botão Atualizar


Botão Atualizar

Ordenar por: 

RelevânciaAutorTítuloAnoImprime registros no formato resumido
Registros recuperados: 233
Primeira ... 2345678910 ... Última
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Evaluación de desechos de pescado frescos y ensilados en la alimentación de híbridos de Clarias gariepinus x Clarias macrocephalus OceanDocs
Llanes Iglesias, J. E.; Toledo Pérez, J.; Lazo de la Vega Valdez, J. M..
Se evaluó el uso de desechos de pescado frescos y ensilados (por acidificación y fermentación láctica), como única fuente de proteína animal en dietas semihúmedas para híbridos de Clarias gariepinus x Clarias macrocephalus (4,53 + 0,05 g de peso inicial promedio). Estas dietas se compararon con un alimento balanceado comercial (20 % de harina de desechos de pescado) durante 60 días. Los resultados mostraron que los mejores indicadores de crecimiento y utilización de la proteína se obtuvieron con los desechos frescos, los que difirieron significativamente (p < 0,05) de los ensilados y la harina de pescado; sin embargo, la conversión alimentaría (base seca) y supervivencia (> 85 %) fue similar entre las dietas. Los ensilados y la harina de pescado no...
Tipo: Journal Contribution Palavras-chave: Fish wastes; Fish silage; Feeding; Feeding; Fish wastes; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2838; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2933.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4106
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Evaluación de diferentes niveles de inclusión de ensilado químico de pescado en dietas para Clarias gariepinus(Burchell, 1822) OceanDocs
Llanes Iglesias, J.; Toledo Pérez, J.; Lazo de la Vega y Valdez, J..
The objective of this study was to evaluate five half-moist diets with graded levels of chemical fish silage (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 %) prepared with 2 % sulfuric acid 98 % (weigth/volumen), as a unique animal protein source. They were compared with a commercial food (20 % of fish meal), Clarias gariepinus feeding during 60 days. The experimental design was completely randomized and the statistical analysis of the results was done through analysis of variance and the results were compared through the Duncan test at 5 %. The results showed that indicators such as: growth, feed utilization and survival rate did not differ significantly (p > 0,05) between experiment diets, representing between $188,00 and 302, 00 USD/t saving at fingerling.
Tipo: Journal Contribution Palavras-chave: Feeding; Feeding; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2838.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3500
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Evaluación De La Harina De [Spirulina Platenses] Como Alimento Y Aditivo Para La Producción De Postlarvas De Camarón Blanco [Litopenaeus Schmitti] (Pérez-Farfante Y Kensley, 1997) OceanDocs
Jaime Ceballos, B..
The high cost of using live microalgae and the variations in nutritional value during larval culture constitute a problem for any operation relying on the massive culture of unicellular microalgae. The price of Artemia cysts in the international market and the increasing demand in Cuba, due to the development of the shrimp culture industry, has made the search of feeding alternatives that can of satisfactory diminish the live food consumption in shrimp larviculture, essential. Spirulina platensis meal (SPM), produced commercially in Cuba, has optimal nutritional characteristics to be used as a food ingredient in any aquatic animal culture. For that reason in this thesis we set out to improve the efficiency in the production of Litopenaeus schmitti shrimp...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations Palavras-chave: Feeding; Feeding; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2838.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1547
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Evaluación de tres ensilados químicos de pescado en la alimentación de Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) OceanDocs
Toledo Pérez, J.; Botello León, A.; Llanes Iglesias, J..
The objective of this work was to evaluate the biologic and economic effects of chemical fish silage as a unique animal protein source. Ensiled Opisthonema oglinum with three combinations of organic and inorganic acids: 3 % of formic acid; 2 % sulfuric acid 98 % and 2 % formic acid and other with 2,6 % phosphoric acid; 2,6 % of citric acid and 0,1 % of sodium benzoate. From each silage a moist diet was prepared and was compared with commercial food (20 % of fish meal) in Clarias gariepinus feeding during 60 days. There were not significant differences (p > 0,05), in growth, feed utilization and survival indicators. The economic analysis showed a fingerling production cost saves between 20 and 30 % for feeding concept.
Tipo: Journal Contribution Palavras-chave: Feeding; Feeding; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2838.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3449
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Evaluación del potencial antidepredador de los extractos orgánicos crudos de quince esponjas marinas OceanDocs
Arias, J.; Santos, M.; Newmark Umbreit, F..
Todos los organismos han desarrollado evolutivamente mecanismos que les permiten defenderse de otros, garantizar su permanencia temporalmente y evitar el ataque de depredadores. Uno de estos mecanismos es la defensa química, mediante la cual los depredadores potenciales de los organismos son disuadidos de consumir su presa. En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad disuasora de los extractos orgánicos crudos de quince esponjas marinas del Caribe colombiano, sobre el pez arrecifal generalista Stegastes partitus. Se encontró que el extracto de Cribrochalina infundibulum actuó como un atrayente para estos depredadores potenciales, mientras que sólo los extractos de las esponjas Dragmacidon reticulata, Petromica cyocaliptoides, Neopetrosia proxima, Myrmekioderma...
Tipo: Journal Contribution Palavras-chave: Sponges; Predators; Feeding; Chemical ecology; Feeding deterrents.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4399
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Examining the side effects of sucrose for pain relief in preterm infants: a case-control study BJMBR
Linhares,M.B.M.; Gaspardo,C.M.; Souza,L.O.; Valeri,B.O.; Martinez,F.E..
Sucrose solution is recommended as relevant pain relief management in neonates during acute painful procedures; however, only a few studies have analyzed the potentially adverse effects of sucrose administration to preterm neonates. The goal of this study was to examine the potential side effects of sucrose for pain relief in preterm infants, assessing feeding and weight gain during hospitalization and their feeding patterns postdischarge. The study sample consisted of 43 preterm neonates divided into two groups: a sucrose group (SG, n=18) and a control group (CG, n=25) in which no sucrose was administered. The SG received 0.5 mL/kg 25% oral sucrose for 2 min prior to all acute painful procedures during three consecutive days. A prospective review of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Sucrose; Pain relief; Side effects; Feeding; Preterm.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2014000600527
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Exploitation et optimisation de la production des cystes du crustacé "Artemia tunisiana" (bowen et sterling, 1978) dans la saline de Sfax OceanDocs
Aloui, N.; Amorri, M..
La saline de Sfax constitue le meilleur site pour l’exploitation et la production d’Artemia en Tunisie. La production de cystes est exploitée chaque année pour être utilisée dans l’alimentation des larves de poissons. Cette production est estimée à 30 kg de cystes poids sec. Toutefois, lors de nos campagnes de récolte, nous avons enregistré de grandes pertes de cystes occasionnées par les vents emportant les cystes qui seront mélangés avec le sable. Afin de minimiser les pertes et optimiser la production naturelle de la saline, nous avons jugé utile, d’installer des barrages dans les coins des bassins à Artemia pour s’opposer à l’action du vent. Par ailleurs, nous avons fait un suivi mensuel de l’abondance des cystes récoltés et de quelques paramètres...
Tipo: Journal Contribution Palavras-chave: Barriers; Brine shrimp culture; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental conditions; Exploitation; Feeding; Fish larvae; Food organisms; Salinity effects; Spatial variations; Temporal variations; Cysts; Artemia culture; Prawns and shrimps; Crustaceans; Artemia.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4747
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Farelo de canola: uma alternativa protéica para alimentação de suínos e aves. Infoteca-e
BERTOL, T. M.; MAZZUCO, H..
Composicao nutricional e fatores toxicos; Farelo de canola para suinos; Efeito sobre o desempenho; Fase inicial; Fase de crescimento-terminacao; Porcas em gestacao e lactacao; Efeito sobre a digestibilidade da dieta; Efeito sobre as caracteristicas de carcaca e qualidade da carne; Farelo de canola para aves; Experimentos de desempenho com matrizes e frangos de corte: emprego do farelo e grao integral de canola; Efeito da inclusao das diversas fracoes da canola sobre a digestibilidade e valores de energia metabolizavel (EM); Utilizacao da canola na alimentacao de poedeiras comerciais; Efeitos da presenca de canola em racoes para linhagens de poedeiras vermelhas.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Farelo de canola; Broiler; Feeding; Protein.; Alimentação; Frango de Corte; Proteína; Suíno.; Canola meal; Swine..
Ano: 1998 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/434910
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding adult of Artemia salina (Crustacea-Branchiopoda) on the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium corsicum (Gymnodiniales) and the Chryptophyta Rhodomonas baltica BABT
Costa,Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; Koening,Maria Luise; Pereira,Luci Cajueiro Carneiro.
Experiments were carried out on feeding performance and survival rates of adult Artemia salina exposed to no axenic strains of the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium corsicum and of the Chryptophyta Rhodomonas baltica. Filtration rates on R. baltica and G. corsicum varied from 3.35 to 7.14 ml.artemia-1.h-1 and from 2.97 to 15.86 ml.artemia-1.h-1, respectively. The ingestion rates observed for A. salina did not indicate any digestive dysfunction or physiological impairment for organisms fed on G. corsicum and their functional response were similar to those observed for other organisms like copepod fed on different food concentrations. Mortality rates oscillated from 2.5% to 100% when A. salina was fed on R. baltica or G. corsicum, respectively. Highest mortality...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Feeding; Artemia salina; Rhodomonas baltica; Gyrodinium corsicum.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132005000500011
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding and digestion with bivalves ArchiMer
Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc.
On the contrary to the U. S. where they represent but 4.6% of the total marine production , mollusc, principally bivalves, can no longer be considered as a marginal production. In France, 100 000 ton of oysters, 98% of which is represented by Crassostrea gigas (Héral & al., 1985) and 85 000 ton of mussels (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis) (Dardignac, 1985) are produced yeraly. Elsewhere, new rearings are being developed, such as pectinidae and Ruditapes philippinarum, on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. The species presently cultured, some of which dependiing only on natural collections (Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis while others depend on hatchery production, either partially Crasssotrea gigas in...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ruditapes decussatus; Ostrea edulis; Mytilus edulis; Crassostrea gigas; Bivalves; Physiology; Digestion; Feeding.
Ano: 1986 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/acte-7476.pdf
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding behavior of lactating cows fed palm kernel cake in the diet Animal Sciences
Pimentel, Leidiane Reis; Silva, Fabiano Ferreira da; Silva, Robério Rodrigues; Schio, Alex Resende; Rodrigues, Eli Santana de Oliveira; Oliveira, Paulo Andrade de.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of including of palm kernel cake on feeding behavior of lactating crossbred cows. Twelve crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows were distributed in three 4 x 4 latin squares, with the following treatments: control; inclusion of 5%; inclusion of 10%; inclusion of 15% palm kernel cake in the diet dry matter. The animals were observed during four periods as to feeding behavior, 24 hours in each period. There was no effect of inclusion of palm kernel cake (p > 0.05) on time spent on eating, ruminating and idling. The feeding efficiencies of dry matter and corrected neutral detergent fiber, total digestible nutrients, and the rumination efficiency of corrected neutral detergent fiber were not influenced (p > 0.05). There...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Behavioral activities; Feeding; Feed efficiency; Dry matter; Idle; Rumination.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/23391
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding behaviour of Caribbean Scyphomedusae: Cassiopea frondosa (Pallas) and Cassiopea xamachana Bigelow Naturalis
Larson, R.J..
LARSON, R.J., 1997. Feeding behaviour of Caribbean Scyphomedusae: Cassiopea frondosa (Pallas) and Cassiopea xamachana (Bigelow). Studies Nat. Hist. Caribbean Region 73, Amsterdam 1997: 43-54. Cassiopea frondosa and C. xamachana are carnivorous. Prey are filtered from the water by the pumping activity of the umbrella. Prey, predominantly small epibenthic crustaceans (0.2- 10 mm in length) are caught mostly by interception. However, some prey may impact on the oral surface through turbulence or by their own locomotion. Prey capture was essentially the same for both species, except that the vesicles take an active part in prey capture only in C. frondosa. Ingestion occurred after the digitate-fringed lips of the funnel-shaped oral ostia opened. The digitata...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Feeding; Scyphomedusae; Prey selection; Puerto Rico.; Caribbean; Medusae; Cassiopea.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/503184
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding of Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Characidae): a post impoundment studies on Itaipu reservoir, upper Paraná River, PR BABT
Hahn,Norma Segatti; Delariva,Rosilene Luciana; Loureiro,Valdirene Esgarbosa.
With objective to know feeding spectrum of Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Reinhardt, 1874), a middle size predator in different places of influence area of Itaipu reservoir, stomach contents were analyzed. Samples were collected from March 1984 to February 1989 from Itaipu Reservoir and its adjacent areas. Its fed mainly on fishes, but it was an opportunistic (consumed 17 species of prey). Despite of the wide feeding spectrum, few preys were dominant in the diet, according to the different habitats sampled. As a result, it significant spatial differences in the diet was observed. Was observed through "Detrented Correspondence Analysis" (DCA) these were divided into three groups in relation with diet: preys from upstream, with higher scores; preys from the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Feeding; Predation; Characidae; Upper Paraná River; Itaipu Reservoir.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132000000200010
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding of Eigenmannia trilineata (Pisces, Sternopygidae) (Lopez &amp; Castello, 1966), in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil BABT
Peretti,Danielle; Andrian,Izabel de Fátima.
Studies were performed on various aspects related to the feeding of Eigenmannia trilineata in the upper Paraná River floodplain, from June 1993 to July 1994, at four places with different types of bottom and waters speed. A number of 279 fish had its stomachal contents analyzed by occurence and point methods in which it was applied on its frequencies the feeding index. Two hundred an sixty two specimens were utilized to the analysis of the feeding activity that it was based on frequency and middle degree of stomach repletion. For the morfological analyse utilized 12 individuals. It was verified fourteen items on species diet which it was found chiefly Chironomidae (Diptera) and detritus. Seasonal, area variations were verified in feeding activity and the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Feeding; Eigenmannia trilineata; Pisces; Paraná River.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89131999000100011
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding of the brine shrimp <i>Artemia</i> on yeast: effect of mechanical disturbance, animal density, water quality and light intensity OMA
Coutteau, P.; Sorgeloos, P..
Details are given of experiments conducted to determine the effects of tank culture conditions on the feeding of <i>Artemia</i>. Mechanical disturbance, animal density and water quality were found to affect the feeding rate of <i>Artemia</i>. The importance of culture conditions in maintaining a rate of food consumption which does not limit the growth of the brine shrimp is stressed.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Brine shrimp culture; Culture tanks; Feeding; Water quality; Artemia.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=2811
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding of the Brycon cephalus, Triportheus elongatus and Semaprochilodus insignis (osteichthyes, characiformes) larvae in Solimões/Amazonas River and floodplain areas. Acta Amazonica
LEITE,Rosseval Galdino; ARAUJO-LIMA,Carlos A.R.M..
Information on larval fish feeding is essential for understanding their trophic relations, including the management in conditions totally or partially controlled by humans. An experiment was designed to evaluate the larval diets of three commercially important species. Four varzea-lakes and the adjacent river were sampled with bongo and hand nets from January 1993 to November 1995. Larval diets were evaluated by length-classes and capture sites, and were tested by two factor ANOVA. The larvae were feeding in all habitats, except in the flooded forests. The three species had different diets, which varied with their length and lake. The rotifers were the main initial food item of the three species, replaced by fish larvae in Brycon cephalus, cladocerans in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amazon; Brazil; Feeding; Fish larvae; Food size.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672002000300499
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding of two sympatric species of Characidium, C. lanei and C. pterostictum (Characidiinae) in a coastal stream of Atlantic Forest (Southern Brazil) BABT
Aranha,José Marcelo R.; Gomes,José Henrique C.; Fogaça,Fábio N. O..
The feeding strategy of Characidium lanei and C. pterostictum was studied in the "Cabral" stream, a coastal stream of the Atlantic Forest, in southern Brazil. The samples were taken using electric fishing between March/95 and February/96. We studied about 15 stomach contents for each species in each season of the year. The stomach contents of the studied species were composed of 39 different food items, 28 in C. lanei and 24 in C. pterostictum. Chironomidae larvae and Ephemeroptera nymph were the most important items for C. lanei, except in the summer when Acarina and not identified Arthropoda were the most important items. Chironomidae and Simulidae larvae were the most important items in C. pterostictum. These results indicated an insectivorous habits...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Feeding; Sympatric species; Atlantic Forest; Coastal Stream; Characidiinae; Characidium.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132000000500013
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding pattern of Salminus maxillosus (Pisces, Characidae) at Cachoeira das Emas, Mogi-Guaçu River (São Paulo State, Southeast Brazil) BJB
ESTEVES,K. E.; PINTO LÔBO,A. V..
Diet of 364 specimens of the dourado (Salminus maxillosus) was studied monthly at Cachoeira das Emas from November/1996 to May/1998, considered the breeding ground of this and other migrant fishes of Mogi-Guaçu River. Only adults were found at this site, and diet consisted exclusively of fish, with predominance of Leporinus sp. Seasonal variation in feeding activity was highest during some months of the rainy and hot season (September-December), when fish composition and number of prey species consumed also changed. These modifications were primarily attributed to an increase in food availability at the site of study during the rainy season, once most of the migrant species, including small Characidae concentrate there at this time of year. Apparently diet...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Salminus maxillosus; Feeding; Mogi-Guaçu River; Prey availability.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-71082001000200009
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding preference of adult females of ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus through prey proximate-composition and caloric values Neotropical Ichthyology
Bittar,Vanessa Trindade; Awabdi,Danielle Rodrigues; Tonini,William Cristiane Teles; Vidal Junior,Manuel Vazquez; Di Beneditto,Ana Paula Madeira.
In the present study we analysed the proximate-composition and caloric values of the preferred prey consumed by ribbonfish, Trichiurus lepturus L. 1758 (adult females), that are distributed in the inner continental shelf from northern Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil (~22ºS), assessing the potential of nutritional and energetic approach as a tool to understand the feeding selective pattern of this marine top carnivore. The preferred prey of this predator composed of fish co-specifics, Pellona harroweri, Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Lycengraulis grossidens, Peprilus paru, squid Doryteuthis plei, and shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri were collected from 2007 to 2010 for proximate-composition (water, protein, lipid, ash, and carbohydrate) and caloric value...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Feeding; Marine fish; Prey composition; Seafood; Trichiuridae.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252012000100019
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Feeding rate and feeding frequency affect growth performance of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) juveniles reared in the laboratory R. Bras. Zootec.
Oliveira,Ricardo Luís Mendes de; Santos,Leilane Bruna Gomes dos; Silva Neto,Nelson Gomes da; Silva,Scarlatt Paloma Alves da; Silva,Felipe dos Santos; Melatti,Enrique; Cavalli,Ronaldo Olivera.
ABSTRACT The effects of feeding rate and feeding frequency on the growth of laboratory-reared common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) were evaluated. Juveniles with mean±SD weight of 2.55±0.48 g and total length of 6.81±0.48 cm were divided into groups of 20 fish and reared in 30 polyethylene tanks of 50 L for 60 days. The experimental design was a 3 × 3 factorial with three feeding frequencies (F2, F4, and F6: two, four, and six daily meals, respectively), three feeding rates (R1, R2.5, and R4: 1.0, 2.5, and 4.0%/day of fish biomass, respectively), and three replicates, totaling nine treatments (F2R1, F2R2.5, F2R4; F4R1, F4R2.5, F4R4; F6R1, F6R2.5, and F6R4). The external control consisted of four meals a day offered to apparent satiety (F4S). Every 15...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Feeding; Feed management; Marine fish farming.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982019000100152
Registros recuperados: 233
Primeira ... 2345678910 ... Última
 

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa
Todos os direitos reservados, conforme Lei n° 9.610
Política de Privacidade
Área restrita

Embrapa
Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB s/n°
Brasília, DF - Brasil - CEP 70770-901
Fone: (61) 3448-4433 - Fax: (61) 3448-4890 / 3448-4891 SAC: https://www.embrapa.br/fale-conosco

Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional